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Guide
Incoterms 2020 in one table
The eleven ICC rules that set who arranges transport, who pays which costs and where risk passes from seller to buyer.
| Rule | Name | Transport | What it means |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Ex Works | Any mode | Seller makes the goods available at its premises. Buyer handles everything else: loading, export, transport. |
| FCA | Free Carrier | Any mode | Seller hands export-cleared goods to the buyer's carrier at a named place. |
| CPT | Carriage Paid To | Any mode | Seller pays transport to destination. Risk passes at the first carrier. |
| CIP | Carriage and Insurance Paid To | Any mode | As CPT, plus seller insures the cargo (Institute Cargo Clauses A). |
| DAP | Delivered at Place | Any mode | Seller delivers to the named place, ready for unloading. Buyer handles import and duties. |
| DPU | Delivered at Place Unloaded | Any mode | Seller delivers and unloads at the named place. Buyer handles import. |
| DDP | Delivered Duty Paid | Any mode | Seller delivers with import duties and taxes paid. Maximum responsibility for the seller. |
| FAS | Free Alongside Ship | Sea / inland waterway | Seller places the goods alongside the vessel at the port of loading. |
| FOB | Free on Board | Sea / inland waterway | Seller loads the goods on board. Risk passes once on board. |
| CFR | Cost and Freight | Sea / inland waterway | Seller pays freight to the destination port. Risk passes on board at origin. |
| CIF | Cost, Insurance and Freight | Sea / inland waterway | As CFR, plus seller takes out minimum insurance (Institute Cargo Clauses C). |
Incoterms® is a registered trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce. This overview is a summary; the ICC publication is the authoritative text.
Incoterms questions
What are Incoterms?
Incoterms are standard trade rules published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). They define which tasks, costs and risks the seller and buyer each take on. The current version is Incoterms 2020.
How many Incoterms 2020 rules are there?
Eleven. Seven for any mode of transport (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP) and four for sea and inland waterway only (FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF).
FOB or FCA for containers?
The ICC recommends FCA rather than FOB for containerised cargo, because containers are usually handed over at a terminal before loading.
Do Incoterms cover payment or ownership?
No. They cover delivery, risk and costs. Payment and transfer of title are agreed in the sales contract.
Cargo to move? We handle it.
All-in price and transit time, usually the same day.